EXPERIMENT NO.11
OBJECTIVE:
To calculate the time period of simple pendulum and compare it with the theoretical
values.
APPARATUS:
Balancing Pin, Rod, Pendulum Bob, Pin Thread.
Figure 11.1: Simple Pendulum
THEORY:
A pendulum is a weight suspended from a pivot so that
it can swing freely. When a pendulum is displaced sideways from its resting
equilibrium position, it is subject to a restoring force due to gravity that
will accelerate it back toward the equilibrium position. When released, the
restoring force combined with the pendulum's mass causes it to oscillate about
the equilibrium position, swinging back and forth. The time for one complete
cycle, a left swing and a right swing, is called the period. A pendulum swings
with a specific period which depends (mainly) on its length. A simple pendulum,
in its simplest form, consists of heavy bob suspended at the end of a light
inextensible and flexible string. The other end of the string is fixed.
Where
L= Length of the
string.
M= Mass of the
bob in kg.
W = Weight
of the bob in Newton.
θ = Angle
through which the string is displaced.
PROCEDURE:
1.
Take a long string and tight the bob on its one
end.
2.
Then tight the string with pin on wall mounted
pendulum apparatus.
3.
Deflect the bob from its original position by
keeping string tight.
4.
Take a stop watch to note the time.
5.
Released the bob and instantly start the stop
watch.
6.
Note the time of 20 oscillations and calculate
the time period by using formula;
Time Period = (Time of total Oscillation) /
Total number oscillations (This time period will be practical time
period)
7.
Repeat the procedure 2 to 3 times and take the
average time period.
8.
Reduce the length of the string and repeat the
same procedure.
9.
Compare it with theoretical values.
CALCULATIONS:
• Calculate the time period of Simple Pendulum analytically by using formula;
• Compare
the results of time period of Simple Pendulum obtained experimentally and
analytically.
• Plot
the graph between length on x-axis and time period on y-axis obtained
experimentally and graphically using Microsoft
EXCEL.
PRECAUTIONS:
1. The
bob of pendulum should be displaced with a small angle.
2. The
amplitude of the oscillation of a simple pendulum should be small.
3. Fans
should be switched off to reduce the air resistance.
4. The
simple pendulum should be oscillating in a vertical plane.
CONCLUSION:
Discuss
• The
comparison of the results obtained experimentally and analytically.
• The
impact of different material, mass of the bob and length on the time period.
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